The Off-Broadway Show Jitney Is Based On A Dramatic Play, Written By A

The off-Broadway show Jitney is based on a dramatic play, written by August Wilson. The production is held at the Union Square Theater. The house has a very pleasant, cozy and warm atmosphere. The structure of the small theater and its thrust stage successfully achieves intimacy. It also creates a bond between the actors and the audience, enabling the audience to relate to the characters feelings and emotions. In other words, the house was perfectly chosen for the production. The production was created very cost efficiently; at least the set was. It accomplished that by using a constant set throughout the entire show. The design of the set was very simple and consisted of inexpensive props that were on stage from the beginning to the end. Characters brought small props on to the stage, like a cup of coffee, a magazine, even a gun. But that wasn't enough of visual stimulation. Watching the same settings for two and a half hour can make the spectator very tired and bored. I can't say that the set didn't serve the production's purpose, but it could have been better. In order to keep the spectators interested and capture their absolute attention, a variety of visual stimuli have to be introduced into the production. The constant set and lack of visual effects made the show dull and less exciting than it could have been. The show tried to introduce some kind of change to the set, by the use of lighting. Donald Holder, the lighting designer succeeded in achieving the perception of change from day to night and sunrise to sunset. But his greater accomplishment was the setting of the light in a certain way to establish the mood of the scene. As in the scene where Youngblood went to sleep on the sofa of the jitney station, the red-hot lights that illuminated the set, portrayed a feeling of resentment and anger. The costume designer, Susan Hilferty also did a remarkable job designing the costumes. They incredibly represented the time that the play took place, which was late 1970's. They also indicated the persona and distinctiveness of each the character. Youngblood dressed in jeans, tang tops, leather jacket and was always wearing a baseball cap. His wardrobe represented his boyishness and his immaturity. Shealy's flamboyant attire represented that he is a flashy character, and that he likes to show off. One similarity that all the costumes had was that they represented a low to middle class of people. My favorite aspect of the show was the performance itself. The actors' performance was extremely realistic and convincing. They brought so much emotion and passion to each scene and each conflict that the spectators felt convinced that the character is the one on stage and not the actor. The expressions on their faces, the looks in their eyes, their bodily movements made their characters come to life. The scene of the quarrel between Youngblood and Rena involved so many different emotions of love, mistrust, companionship and misunderstanding, and it was all displayed on their faces. Her voice sounded as though she is in a lot of pain and is about to burst into tears, from the gossip that she heard from Turnbo. Russell Andrews who played Youngblood also did a great job showing his pain from being misunderstood, doubted and distrusted. He showed his pain with hand gestures of anger and with love in his eyes and on his face. The performance in that scene was so powerful that the audienc e felt their pain. Especially because everyone goes through an experience of either distrusting someone or being distrusted. Personally I was able to relate to many scenes of the play, including the one in which Booster discovers his father Becker. I was there when my best friend found out her mother has died, and her reaction was almost identical to the one Keith Randolph Smith put on. The anger and the pain combined together created a very dramatic scene of violence and regret. All of the actor's performances were truly astonishing

Research Paper Introduction about Climate Change

Research Paper Introduction about Climate Change We usually pay attention to how the weather changes throughout a week, a month, or even compared to previous few years. On the other hand, there are changes that are not visible and can only be observed by scientists using sensitive equipment. Certain patterns in weather that have a tendency to recur each year are called a climate. Nowadays scientists claim that there are major changes to the climate all over the world that will have, or already have, dire consequences. Consider these facts provided by NASA: Global temperature increased by 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880. Nine of the ten warmest years on record have occurred since 2000. The amount of land ice decreases by 258 billion tons per year. Greenland ice loss doubled between 1996 and 2005. The amount of carbon dioxide parts increased to 399.60 per million. Its levels in the air are at its highest in 650,000 years. The amount of arctic ice decreases by 13.3 percent per decade. In 2012, Arctic summer ice shrank to the lowest extent on the record. The primary factor that affects all the other changes in our climate is the temperature change. What are the main reasons the temperature changes throughout the years? There is a certain amount of heat that the Earth gets from the sun, and there is also a certain amount of heat that bounces back to the space. Our temperature depends on both these factors. The point is that when the heat reaches the Earth and then is reflected back to the atmosphere, the certain amount of it is stopped by the so called greenhouse gases. They are vital for keeping the right amount of heat on the Earth so that all the living creatures can exist on our planet. However the increasing amount of it changes the average temperature which can lead to unprecedented changes in our climate. The greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Their number has increased due to burning of fossil fuels, which has become the primary source of energy for people nowadays. It is difficult for most of us to understand why a slight increase in the average temperature on the planet can somehow influence us. Consider this example: there are a lot of glaciers that are at the verge of melting and increasing the temperature by even one degree can make this process begin. In addition, such climate changes can result in longer period of droughts in some regions, the increasing number of wildfires, and the bigger number of tropical storms. That being said, we are going to make an in-depth analysis of all the factors that cause the greenhouse effect, the consequences, including the potential ones, and the ways of solving this problem. The current and future consequences of global change (2014). Retrieved from http://climate.nasa.gov/effects/ What Is Climate and Climate Change? (2014). Retrieved from https://eo.ucar.edu/basics/cc_1.html How to Write an Introduction on a Scientific Research Topic: Remember that an introduction is no less important than any other part of your research paper. Therefore, you should be careful of what information you add to it. Your research paper introduction should be presentable, as it is the first thing your audience will read. Therefore, provide some highlights from the paper to catch the readers attention. The length of your introduction depends on the length of your research paper, but dont go overboard. The introduction shouldnt be longer than one page.

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 18

Business Law - Essay Example Invitation to treat has been defined as an expression of willingness of a party to enter into negotiations with another with the hope that a contract would be reached at the end of such negotiations. (Fisher v Bell)1. An offer on the other hand has been defined as an expression of willingness by a party to enter into a contract on stated terms (offeror) and provided that such terms would be accepted by the person to whom the offer is made (offeree) a contract would come into existence(Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co.)2. An offer should be differentiated from a mere statement of price that is an enquiry as to the price. (Harvey v. Facey)3 In the current scenario it can be seen from the facts that Angela has shown her intent of selling the caravan and stated a price. Even though the term ‘offering’ has been used, it is generally not to be held conclusive and the overall facts of the situation are taken into account when deciding whether an offer or an invitation of treat was present. In the case of Angela it can be seen that she Angela has posted a letter and has stated a price of  £2000 for which she would sell the caravan, therefore it can be deduced that an unequivocal willingness on her part was present. The next issue that would be looked into is acceptance which is defined an unequivocal assent to the terms that has been proposed by the offeror. The acceptance of certain terms and conditions which had been stated by the offeror and which tend to introduce new terms would be treated as counter-offer, that is a new offer comes into existence which can either be rejected or accepted by the person who was originally the offeror (and now becomes the offeree). (Hyde v. Wrench)4. Acceptance is generally held to be valid only when it has been validly communicated and the offeror comes to know of such acceptance. (illustration of the fact was made by Denning LJ in Entores v Miles Far East Corporation). However, there are a

The Effects of Cigarettes Smoking on Low Birth Weights of Infants Term Paper

The Effects of Cigarettes Smoking on Low Birth Weights of Infants - Term Paper Example These pregnancy outcomes are known to be associated with infant mortality (Kochanek & Martin, 2005). Hypothesis In this observational study it has been hypothesized that women who are smokers, on average, will give birth to infants with birth weight less than 2500 grams than those who are non-smokers Cigarette Smoking in the United States The prevalence of smoking in the adult U.S. population in 1965 was 42.4% (51.9% of men in the U.S. and 33.9% of women) (Giovino, 2002). More men than women continue to smoke (25.1% of men and 21.2% of women), however the decline in women smoking is at a far slower rate than that observed in men. The gap in the rate of smoking between men and women has diminished from almost 20% in 1965 to less than 5% in 1997 (MMWR, 1999). In spite of numerous reports since the mid 1960s about smoking and health risks (U.S. Surgeon General, 2001), a Department of Health and Human Services report released stated that 23% of the U.S. adult population smoked cigarettes between 1999 and 2001 (DHHS, 2004). Ebrahim, Floyd, Merritt, Decoufle, and Holtzman (2000), using data from the National Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) of 187,302 non-institutionalized women aged 18-44, found that the prevalence of current smoking decreased significantly among both non-pregnant women (26.7% to 23.6% and pregnant women (16.3% to 11.8%) between 1987 and 1996. A 1999 report stated that 21 % of all U.S. women and 12.3 % of pregnant women in the U.S. reported smoking during pregnancy (Mathews, 2001). The Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Reproductive Outcomes Cigarette smoking has been known for decades to be related to poor reproductive outcomes (Annette, 2008). Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with first trimester spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, preterm birth, placenta previa and abruption, low birth weight, restricted intrauterine lung growth, and sudden unexplained infant death (Hofhuis, de Jongste, & Merkus, 2003). Further , cigarette smoking has been associated with fetal loss, respiratory distress syndrome and other respiratory conditions of the newborn, and sudden infant death syndrome (Schoendorf & Kiely, 1992). In addition, it is estimated that 17 to 26% of low birth weight infants, 7 to 10% of preterm deliveries, and 5-6% of prenatal deaths could be prevented if pregnant women did not smoke (Husten, Chrismon, & Reddy, 1996). In terms of birth defects, one study, using the 345 cases of infants with clubfoot and the 3,029 controls of the Atlanta Birth Defects Case Control Study database, Honein, Paulozzi, and Moore (2000) identified an approximate 20- fold increased risk for clubfoot to occur in infants born to women who had a family history of clubfoot and who also smoked cigarettes (OR=20.30, 95%CI: 7.90, 52.17). This risk for clubfoot was much higher when both factors were considered together than the risk associated with either of these risk factors alone (OR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.72 for cigare tte smoking alone; OR=6.52, 95%CI: 2.95, 14.41 for family history alone). There have been numerous studies published about the association of cigarette smoking in pregnancy and low birth weight. For example, a population-based Swedish study (n = 538,829) showed that smoking

To prove that during the 19th and 20th century, women were considered Research Paper

To prove that during the 19th and 20th century, women were considered to be inferior beings with no rights, they faced constant oppression in a society dominated by the male - Research Paper Example Holt provides a profound analysis in her article about the content of the story in the poem, "Goblin Market." The poem was written in 1862 (in the 18th century) as a manifestation of the plight that women went through at that time. Holt notes that the author of the poem, Christina Rossetti made a an insightful presentation of two sisters, Lizzie and Laura who were forced to endure carnal lust just to embrace a higher and perceived purer realm of human sexuality, which is marriage (Holt 51). The poem is evidence of a strong thematic expression of renunciation that revolves around the lives of the two beautiful sisters. In the end, the two sisters subdue their fervent feelings for carnal lust, and they embrace their spiritual nature by getting married in a traditional Victorian marriage. However, the main theme and subtle undertone in the poem as argued by Holt and other prolific literature analysts is feminism. An incisive analysis by Holt into the poem depicts the dearth of male description and participatory segments until the end of it. Men are not mentioned as largely as the two sisters, a factor that shows subtle feminism. In the poem, men are the sellers of the goblin fruits in the local market but their actual mentioning is not extensive since the author focuses mainly on the lives of the two sisters, Lizzie, and Laura. Lizzie is depicted as a religious one due to her staunch Christianity affiliation. She is portrayed as a person who rescues her sister, Laura by playing the critical role of spiritual and earthly redemption (Russell, 143). Holt is insightful in exposing the depth of lust that the men selling goblin fruits at the market are showing. The men are subtly expressing their harbored objectivity for women. Holt notes that at the beginning of the poem, the author shows how the men objectify women. The men sing a

Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine.

Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine. Transducers used in the Cardiac Ultrasound Machine. Abstract: Ultrasound imaging depends on the ability of piezoelectric crystals to generate sound when excited with alternating current and the reverse effect of charge accumulation or current flow when such crystals are subjected to pressure from sound waves. The first known ultrasound imaging machine was designed by K. T. Dussik in Australia in 1937. However, despite its widespread acceptance today, medical ultrasound did not develop as rapidly as X-ray imaging. Despite the relatively slow start, medical ultrasound imaging is very widely accepted today because there is no ionising radiation involved and hence the procedure is relatively safe. Ultrasound equipment is also cheaper as compared to X-ray imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, MRI and other techniques associated with nuclear medicine. The procedure involves minimal patient discomfort and is very useful for examining the soft tissues or the developing foetus. A dramatic increase in the number of older patients with chronic he art and valve disease has resulted in a prolific demand for the ultrasound cardiac imaging machines which can satisfy the requirements associated with fast and cost effective measurement of cardiac anatomy or function. One of the critical elements in the medical ultrasound imaging system is the ultrasound transducer without which signal processing and visualisation of the soft tissue images is impossible. Although many naturally occurring substances such as quartz exhibit the piezoelectric effect, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic ferroelectric materials have for many years been used for biomedical applications because of their superior characteristics for soft tissue imaging.   Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), transducer material has demonstrated advantages as a high frequency receiver. Single or multilayer transducers made of these elements can be used for ultrasound imaging as single transducers operating in A-mode or a two or three dimensional transducer array for B-mode, C-mode or M-mode ultrasound imaging. This brief essay takes a look at transducers for medical ultrasound. The principle of operation of a cardiac ultrasound imaging device is based on the information that is provided by the varying delay times of echoes that are reflected from various depths of the human body tissue as a result of the ultrasound pulses that are generated by an ultrasound transducer being incident on the body tissue. Delay times of echoes from different depths are different and ultrasound is reflected from the interface of different types of tissues. A Doppler shift in frequency is also generated as a result of moving objects and the attenuation of ultrasound waves depends on the type of tissue that the ultrasound wave is travelling through. The ultrasound transducer which is responsible for the generation and detection of reflected ultrasound is, therefore, an essential component of the ultrasound imaging device. Ultrasound transducers work on the basis of the piezoelectric effect in which an alternating voltage applied to piezoelectric crystal material causes the crysta ls to become electrically polarised as a result of the applied electric field and hence vibrate with the alternating voltage to produce sound. Such crystals also become electrically polarised when stress is applied to them and hence any sound waves which are incident on them result in charge accumulation on the crystal surface and hence the generation of an alternating voltage. Thus, an ultrasound transducer consists of a suitable piezoelectric material sandwiched between electrodes that are used to provide a fluctuating electric field when the transducer is required to generate ultrasound. When the transducer is required to detect ultrasound, the electrodes may be used to detect any fluctuating voltages produced as a result of the polarisation of the crystals of the piezoelectric material in response to incident sound which generates fluctuating mechanical stresses on the material. Piezoelectric materials include quartz, ferroelectric crystals such as tourmaline and Rochelle salt a s well as the group of materials known as the piezoelectric ceramics, which include lead titanate (PbTiO3) and lead zirconate (PbZrO3). These materials are also known as piezoelectric ceramics which are used in ultrasound transducers for biomedical applications.Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is another transducer material which has demonstrated advantages as a high frequency receiver. Piezoelectric ceramics are sold with the brand name PXE by Philips Company and are solid solutions of lead titanate (PbTiO3), and lead zirconate (PbZrO3) which have been modified by additives which are a group of piezoelectric ceramics known as PZT. PXE materials are hard, chemically inert and unaffected by a humid environment. The crystals in a ferroelectric material of which PXE is made up of align themselves randomly in a number of directions. With such a random orientation of crystals, the material will exhibit no piezoelectric effect. In order to have a piezoelectric material which is capable of being used for ultrasound transducers, the material has to be subjected to a strong electric field at high temperatures. This has the effect of permanently locking the crystals in the direction of the applied electric field and making the crystal piezoelectric in the direction of the electric field. Hence, a piezoelectric ceramic material may be converted into a piezoelectric material in any given direction by applying a strong electric field to the material in the given direction at an elevated temperature. This treatment, which is known as poling, is the final stage in the manufacture of a PXE piezoelectric. Metal electrodes perpendicular to the poling axis are deposited on the material so that an alternating electric field may be applied to generate ultrasound or ultrasound vibrations may be sensed by sensing the electric field across the piezoelectric material. The voltage across a piezoelectric ceramic PXE material is usually directly proportional to the applied stress. The construction of a simple, single element piezoelectric transducer is as shown below. The Construction of a Single Element Piezoelectric Transducer Ultrasound imaging in the A-mode directs a narrow beam of ultrasound into the tissue being scanned and the echo which may be displayed on a CRT screen provides a measure of the distance between reflecting surfaces in the body. In the B-scan mode, the echo signal is brightness modulated which makes it possible for information related to tissue depth to be displayed on the screen in a visually effective manner. An ultrasound transducer array operating in B-mode permits a picture of the tissues within a patient’s body to be displayed on a CRT device. M-mode ultrasound imaging presents tissue movement by scanning an A or B – line on a monitor as a function of time and movements in this line indicate movements in the tissues within the body. In C-mode ultrasound imaging a second transducer is used to detect echoes sent out by the first transducer, presenting a 2-D map of the ultrasound attenuation within tissues. Having discussed the principles of operation of a piezoelectric medical ultrasound transducer, it is now appropriate to consider the practical problems associated with the construction of such transducers. This is done below. The Design of Ultrasound Transducers A transducer which is constructed out of piezoelectric material will have a natural frequency of resonance and it is appropriate that the transducer should be excited with alternating electric field which matches the natural resonant frequency of oscillation of the material. The ultrasound frequencies that are used in medical imaging applications range from 1 MHz to 15 MHz and echocardiography is usually performed at frequencies of 2.5 MHz. Hence, transducers which are used for ultrasound imaging have to be tuned for different frequencies. For a transducer material in which ultrasound waves travel at the speed c, with a resonant frequency f, the thickness of the material is related by the formula f=c/2d. Hence, it is possible to tune various transducers constructed of the same material to different frequencies by adjusting the thickness of the material. The ultrasound transducer can be excited by a continuous wave, a pulsed wave, or a single voltage pulse depending on the requirement s for observing a continuous image, echo ranging or other tissue measurements. The rear face of the piezoelectric crystal material is usually supported by a backing material which is tungsten loaded araldite, so that the vibrations in the piezoelectric material are rapidly damped after the initial excitation. It is important to couple the piezoelectric transducer to the body of a patient so that the incident ultrasound energy can be effectively transmitted into the body tissue that is being scanned. In order to do this, matching layers of suitable acoustic material are used along with a gel which makes it possible for the ultrasound waves to penetrate the tissue more efficiently. As far as possible, the characteristic acoustic impedance of the tissue being scanned is matched with the acoustic impedance of the transducer. The characteristic acoustic impedance of the tissue is defined as: In the formula, c is the speed of ultrasound in human tissue which is about 1540 m/sec with a variation of +/- 6% and   is the tissue density. K is the bulk elastic modulus of the tissue being scanned. The acoustic parameters of an ultrasound transducer include its nominal frequency, the peak frequency which is the highest frequency response measured from the frequency spectrum, the bandwidth of the transducer which is the difference between the highest and the lowest – 6 dB level in the frequency spectrum, the pulse width response time of the transducer, which is the time duration of the time domain envelope which is 20 dB above the rising and decaying cycles of a transducer response, the loop sensitivity for a medium on which a test is performed which is characterised by: Here, Vo is the excitation pulse voltage in volts, while Vx is the received signal voltage from the transducer.   The signal to noise ratio for a biomedical ultrasound transducer is also an important parameter for an ultrasound transducer and this is defined as: In the above expression, Vx is the received signal voltage from the transducer in volts in response to a specified tone burst or pulse and Vn is the noise floor in volts. The signal to noise ratio for an ultrasound transducer is a measure of the noise associated with the transducer, measuring instrument or cables and this is a good measure of how sensitive a transducer is. In addition to the previously mentioned parameters, geometrical parameters for a transducer describe how the acoustic pressure generated by a transducer varies across the axial and cross-sectional fields of a transducer. These variations are illustrated below: Axial Beam Profile for an Ultrasound Transducer Cross – Sectional Beam Profile for an Ultrasound Transducer he detailed construction of an ultrasound transducer for medical applications involving the shaping of the piezoelectric material, matching layers, housing and backing materials etc is presently conducted using computational techniques such as Finite Element Modelling of ultrasound transducers through the use of software packages such as Ultrasim and other commercially available software. In the overall design, efforts have to be made to ensure that the overall design will be optimised so as to deliver a sufficiently high power of ultrasound into the tissue being imaged and as far as possible there is best possible sound impedance matching between the transducer and the scanned tissue. Design of the backing material in an ultrasound transducer is important because this design determines the ring down time of the transducer, which is critical for low noise and optimal axial resolution of the transducer. Trends in Transducer Design for Echocardiography Only the simplest equipment for echocardiography will use a single ultrasound transducer and there is a trend towards design of echocardiography equipment which uses two or even three dimensional arrays of ultrasound transducers to provide superior quality 2 –D or 3-D computer generated pictures of the organ being imaged.   Even the relatively simpler equipment being used these days has two or more ultrasound transducers fitted into the transducer probe. The array of transducers are capable of generating a shaped beam of ultrasound which can be appropriately focused using electronic digital signal processing techniques to provide better images and resolution. Although the relatively simple medical ultrasound scanners cost about  £1000 per piece, reasonably decent transducer assemblies for a decent Philips or Toshiba ultrasound machines can cost  £1500 for the transducer alone. Transducer arrays for two or three dimensional ultrasound imaging equipment can be much more ex pensive because of the large number of transducers that are employed in such imaging equipment.   For better quality ultrasonic imaging to be possible, there is a requirement for enhanced bandwidth transducers, higher frequency transducer arrays and sophisticated digital signal processing circuits. There is also a trend towards transducer miniaturisation which will make intracavitary, intraurethral, or intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) investigation possible. The current imaging frequency range of 1 MHz to 15 MHz is expected to be increased to 20 MHz to 100 MHz and at these frequencies, microsonography devices using miniature ultrasound transducers with higher sensitivities are expected to provide much better and higher resolution images using catheter based transducers which are less then 2mm in diameter and are capable of being placed in veins.   New ultrasound transducer materials are likely to provide transducers which are far more sensitive then those available presently and consume lower power. These transducers can be operated from battery powered portable equipment and th ere are indications in literature that with the availability of such devices, it is likely that the stethoscope will be replaced by miniature ultrasound equipment. New trends in ultrasound transducer construction are also moving towards composite transducer construction in which a composite of two piezoelectric materials is used to design the transducer. Ultrasound transducers are fairly rugged and the piezoelectric material does not loose its properties unless exposed to high temperatures approaching the Curie temperature for the material are reached or there are strong alternating or direct electrical fields opposing the direction of poling for the material. Mechanical stresses imposed on the piezoelectric materials should not exceed the specified limits and although the specified limits vary for different types of materials, mechanical stress in excess of 2.5 MPa may be considered as likely to cause permanent damage. Ultrasound transducers are capable of being designed to operate in liquid mediums and the piezoelectric material does not react with water or gel.   Conclusion Materials with piezoelectric properties such as lead titanate (PbTiO3) and lead zirconate (PbZrO3) lend themselves to being treated by poling to generate as well as detect ultrasound waves when subjected to alternating electric fields or mechanical stresses. Ultrasound transducers can be made out of these materials and these transducers can be designed for specified resonance frequencies for use in medical imaging. The detailed design of such transducers is an exciting and involving undertaking which is capable of being assisted by finite element simulations. Advances in transducer design involving the use of new materials, miniaturisation and the use of arrays of transducers promises to revolutionise medical imaging in the future by providing high resolution 3-D ultrasound images and the field is full of promise for device designers as well as computer engineers of the future. References/ Bibliography Web Sources   Abboud, Najib N et al. â€Å"Finite Element Modelling for Ultrasonic Transducers†. Weidlinger Associates Inc. SPIE Int. Symp. Medical Imaging 1998, San Diego, Feb 21-27, 1998. August 4, 2005. http://www.wai.com/AppliedScience/Software/Pzflex/Papers/pzflex-spie_mi98.pdf Binder, T. â€Å"Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Principles and Promises†. Journal of Clinical and Basic Cardiology 2002; 5 (Issue 2), 149-152. August 4, 2005. http://www.kup.at/kup/pdf/1137.pdf Brandt, Einar. â€Å"Segmentation Techniques for Echocardiographic Image Sequences†. University of Linkopings. 1998. August 4, 2005. http://www.imv.liu.se/klinfys/einar/publications/pdf_open/Ex1934.pdf Bridal, Lori S et al. â€Å"Milestones on the Road to Higher Resolution, Quantitative, and Functional Ultrasonic Imaging†. PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE, VOL. 91, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2003. August 6, 2005. http://dei-s1.dei.uminho.pt/outraslic/lebiom/ultra/ultrasonic01232192.pdf Diederichs, Rolf. â€Å"Ultrasound Transducer Library†. Diederichs, Rolf. March, 1998. August 4, 2005. http://www.ndt.net/wshop/wshop_tr/trans_li.htm Eberhard, Brunner. â€Å"Ultrasound System Considerations and their Impact on Front-End Components,† Analog Devices, Inc., 2002. August 4, 2005. http://www.analog.com/library/analogDialogue/archives/36-03/ultrasound/UltrasoundFrontend.pdf Erikson, Kenneth R et al. â€Å"Ultrasound in Medicine – A Review†. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SONICS AND ULTRASONICS, VOL. SU-21, NO. 3, JULY 1971. August 4, 2005. http://www.ieee-uffc.org/ultrasonics/teaching/t7430144.pdf Fink, Mathias. â€Å"Time Reversed Acoustics†. Scientific American Inc, 1999. August 4, 2005. http://www4.ncsu.edu/~fouque/fink.pdf G. Fleury, R. Berriet, O. Le Baron, B. Huguenin. â€Å"New piezocomposite transducers for therapeutic ultrasound†. 2nd International Symposium on Therapeutic Ultrasound Seattle 31/07 02/08/02. August 4, 2005. http://www.imasonic.com/Papers/ISTU2Ima.pdf Genadiy V. Leonov,, Vladimir N. Khmelev, Roman V. Barsukov, Sergey N. Tsyganok, Alexey N. Slivin, Andrey V. Shalunov. â€Å"Advancement of Ultrasonic Technologies Efficiency, Development of Ultrasonic Devices for the Manufactures, Medical Institutions and the Agriculture Requirements†. Biysk Technological Institute. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.bti.secna.ru/institute_/laboratory/us/downloads/vestnic_e.pdf Goel, Malti. â€Å"Electret sensors, filters and MEMS devices: New challenges in materials research†. Current Science. Volume 85. No. 4. August 25, 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.ias.ac.in/currsci/aug252003/443.pdf Hazas, Mike and Andy Ward. â€Å"A Novel Broadband Ultrasonic Location System†. University of Cambridge, United Kingdom. 2002. August 4, 2005. http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/~hazas/Hazas02_ANovelBULS.pdf Holm, Sverre. â€Å"Ultrasim – A Toolbox for Ultrasound Field Simulation†. University of Oslo. 2000. August 6, 2005. http://heim.ifi.uio.no/~sverre/papers/01_Matlab.pdf Krochak, Paul and Stefan Story. â€Å"Acoustic Densification of Multiphase Stream†. University of British Columbia. June 19, 2005. August 4, 2005. http://www.math.ubc.ca/~FluidLab/people/sstorey/Densificatio_Final_Report.pdf Ladabaum, Igal et al. â€Å"Surface Micro machined Capacitive Ultrasonic Transducer†. ieee transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, vol. 45, no. 3, may 1998. August 4, 2005. http://piezo.stanford.edu/library/papers/IL1998.pdf Lewin, Peter A. â€Å"Diagnostic Ultrasound: A Glimpse into the Next Decade†. Drexel University. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.wma.net/e/publications/pdf/2000/lewin.pdf M. Greenstein, P. Lum, H. Yoshida, M.S. Seyed-Bolorforosh. â€Å"A 2.5 MHz 2D Array with Z-Axis Electrically Conductive Backing†. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/96/HPL-96-89.pdf Measurement Specialties Inc. â€Å"Piezo Film Sensors – Technical Manual†. Measurement Specialties Inc. April 2, 1999. August 4, 2005. http://www.media.mit.edu/resenv/classes/MAS836/Readings/MSI-techman.pdf Michael Greenstein. â€Å"Multilayer Piezoelectric Transducers for Medical Ultrasound Transducers†. Hewlett Packard Laboratories. 2000. August 4, 2005. http://www.hpl.hp.com/techreports/95/HPL-95-79.ps Morgan Electro Ceramics. â€Å"Introduction: Piezoelectric Ceramics†. Morgan Electro Ceramics. May 16, 2001. August 4, 2005. http://www.morganelectroceramics.nl/pdfs/tech.pdf North Dakota State University. â€Å"Imaging Systems†. North Dakota State University. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://venus.ece.ndsu.nodak.edu/~schroeder/Imaging%20Systems.doc Nottingham University. â€Å"Medical Ultrasound†. Nottingham University. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/physics/ugrad/courses/mod_home/f31ab1/notes/us.doc Petersen R.B. and J. Hutchins. â€Å"The iE33 intelligent echocardiography system†. Philips Ultrasound Medical Systems. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.medical.philips.com/main/news/assets/docs/medicamundi/mm_vol48_no3/11_Peterson.pdf Picture IQ.com. â€Å"Ultrasound Equipment†. Picture IQ.com. 2005. August 6, 2005. http://www.pictureiq.com/piq/ph30-63999-Ultrasound.mspx Powis, Raymond. L and G. Wayne Moore. â€Å"The Silent Revolution: Catching up with the Contemporary Composite Transducer†. JDMS 20:395–405 November/December 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.medphysics.wisc.edu/mp666/powis_moore_contemp_trans.pdf Rainer Stotzka, Helmut Widmann, Tim Muller, Klaus Schlote Holubek, Hartmut Gemmeke, Nicole Ruiter, Georg Gobel. â€Å"Prototype of a new 3D ultrasound computer tomography system: transducer design and data recording†. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.stotzka.de/Publications/stotzka2004.1.pdf RATSIMANDRESY, Leong, P.Mauchamp, D. Dinet, N. Felix, R. Dufait. â€Å"A 3 MHz, Two Dimensional Array Based on Piezocomposite for Medical Imaging†. IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium Proceedings. 2002. August 4, 2005. http://www.vermon.com/Biblio_Vermon/IEEE_3MHz%202D%20Array.pdf Ritter, Timothy et al. â€Å"Single Crystal PZN/PT-Polymer Composites for Ultrasound Transducer Applications†. IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, vol. 47, no. 4, July 2000. August 4, 2005. http://www.ieee-uffc.org/archive/public/opapers/jul792.pdf Ronald E McKeighen. â€Å"Design Guidelines for Medical Ultrasonic Arrays†. Acoustic Imaging Transducers Inc. 2000. August 4, 2005. http://www.wai.com/AppliedScience/Software/Pzflex/Papers-other/spie-man.pdf Saleh K. Y. and N.B. Smith. â€Å"Two-dimensional ultrasound phased array design for tissue ablation for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia†. Pennsylvania State University. May, 2003. August 4, 2005. http://www.bioe.psu.edu/ultrasound/Research/Saleh%20Smith%20IJH04.pdf Schmidt, M. â€Å"Ultrasonic Signal Processing Chip For Intraluminal Catheter Based Systems†. Fraunhofer Institute of Microelectronic Circuits and Systems. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.imec.be/esscirc/papers-96/143.pdf Shindler, Daniel M. â€Å"Hand-held Ultrasound and the Stethoscope†. Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.bbriefings.com/pdf/950/shindler.pdf Ultran. â€Å"Medical Ultrasonic Transducers†. Ultran. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.ultrangroup.com/pdfs/ultran_trans_cat.pdf University of Central London. â€Å"An Overview of Existing Medical Imaging Techniques†. University of Central London. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.medphys.ucl.ac.uk/research/borl/homepages/florian/thesis/pdf_files/p35_44.pdf University of Lancaster. â€Å"Medical Ultrasound Imaging†. University of Lancaster. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.lancs.ac.uk/depts/physics/teaching/py336/Ultrasound.doc Wang, Haifeng, Tim Ritter, Wenwu Cao, and K. Kirk Shung. â€Å"Passive Materials for High Frequency Ultrasound Transducers†. The Society of Photo optical Instrumentation Engineers, SPIE. 1999. August 6, 2005. http://www.bioe.psu.edu/labs/NIH/pass_mat.pdf Weigang, Beate, G. Wayne Moore, M.A., James Gessert, William H. Phillips, Mark Schafer. â€Å"The Methods and Effects of Transducer Degradation on Image Quality and the Clinical Efficacy of Diagnostic Sonography†. Sonic Technology Laboratories. 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.4sonora.com/products/Transducer%20Degradation%20on%20Image.pdf Wells, P.N.T. â€Å"Ultrasonic Imaging of the Human Body†. Bristol General Hospital. 1999. August 4, 2005. http://www.hrcc.on.ca/Research/bios/people/pattersonfiles/Wells%20paper.pdf Whitehouse, Kamin. Fred Jiang, Chris Karlof, Alec Woo, David Culler. â€Å"Sensor Field Localisation: A Deployment and Emperical Analysis†. University of California, Berkley. April 9, 2004. August 4, 2005. http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~kamin/pubs/whitehouse04ultrasoundUCBtechReport.pdf References Related to Ultrasound Transducers from British Libraries . Medical Imaging 1999: Ultrasonic Transducer Engineering: 24-25 February 1999, San Diego, California. Bellingham, Washington: SPIE, 1999. . Medical Ultrasound: Mirror Transducer Systems for High Resolution Imaging. 1984. American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Medical Physics of CT and Ultrasound: Tissue Imaging and Characterization: Summer School: Papers and Discussions. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. Ultrasound Practice Committee Report for Cleaning and Preparing Endocavitary Ultrasound Transducers Between Patients. Laurel, Md.: American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, 1995. American Society of Ultrasound Technical Specialists and Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. Medical Ultrasound. New York: Wiley. Barnett, S. B., G. Kossoff, and World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. Safety and Standardisation in Medical Ultrasound: Issues and Recommendations Regarding Thermal Mechanisms for Biological Effects of Ultrasound: Symposium: Papers. Pergamon Press, 1992. British Medical Ultrasound Society. BMUS Bulletin. London: British Medical Ultrasound Society, 2003. Davies, Christopher Mark. The Construction and Design Characteristics of Bimorph Shear Wave Transducers. 1993. Fleming, David G., et al. Indwelling and Implantable Pressure Transducers: Based on Workshop Held in Cleveland, Ohio on December 4 and 5, 1975, Sponsored by the Biotechnology Resources Branch (RR-00857) and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM-14267) of the National Institutes of Health. Cleveland: CRC Press, 1976. Great Britain. Medical Devices Agency. A Comparative Technical Evaluation of Eleven Ultrasound Scanners for Examination of the Breast. Medical Devices Agency, 2001. Kuhn, A., P. A. Payne, and Dias. Design and Construction of Ultrasound Equipment for Characterization of Elastic Mechanic Properties of Dental Restorative Materials. Manchester: UMIST, 1991. Luukkala, Mauri. Second Harmonic Generation of Ultrasound in Quartz Transducers. Turku, 1967. Mok, W. H., M. S. Beck, and Dias. Flow Imaging Using Pulsed Ultrasound Transducers. Manchester: UMIST, 1986. Nakano, Hitoo, et al. XX International Congress The Fetus As a Patient and 6th Ian Donald Inter-University of Medical Ultrasound. 2004. Nicoll, J. J. and University of Edinburgh. Medical Ultrasound: Mirror Transducer Systems for High Resolution Imaging. University of Edinburgh, 1984. Preston, R. C., et al. The Performance of the NPL Ultrasound Beam Calibrator: Part 1 Physiotherapy Transducers. Teddington: National Physical Laboratory, 1986. Ruttenberg, Robert and Simon Peck. Transducer Development for Medical Dynamic Measurements. 2000. Shung, K. Kirk and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers. Medical Imaging 1998: Ultrasonic Transducer Engineering: 25-26 February 1998, San Diego, California. Bellingham, Washington: SPIE, 1998. Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. JDMS: Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography. Philadelphia: Lippincott for the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers. Society of Ultrasound in Medicine of the Republic of China. Journal of Medical Ultrasound. Taipei. Turnbull, Daniel H. and University of Toronto Department of Medical Biophysics. Two-Dimensional Transducer Arrays fo

Masculinity, Femininity and Simone Benmussa’s Singular Life of Albert N

Masculinity, Femininity and Simone Benmussa’s Singular Life of Albert Nobbs The semiotics of traditional theatrical form reinforce an oppressive patriarchal system. The physical body becomes the catalyst by which gender is assigned and expected. This emphasis on the body is amplified in the theater. Simone Benmussa’s play The Singular Life of Albert Nobbs, adapted from the short story by George Moore, deals with issues of femininity and masculinity and how these are portrayed within the theater as well as how theater is formed by the traditional patriarchal gaze. This play also deals with issues of class and how class status is intrinsically tied to gender, gender performance and sexuality. Through the example of this play it is seen that a form of theater which creates and maintains the woman as subject rather than object (as Sue-Ellen Case proposes) cannot be truly realized until the performative nature and many issues inherent in masculinity are acknowledged and processed. Here also is an excellent case study of how the politics of the theater are deeply rooted in body politics and gender essentialism. All of these factors contribute to the play’s overall complexity in matters surrounding and pertaining to the performative nature of masculinity and the manner in which masculinities are brought forth on stage and how that differs from femininity on stage. One of the central themes of theatrical form is identity and the catalyst by which identity is formed is the body. In using the body as the site of formation of individual identity, women are â€Å"uniquely identified with their anatomy† and specifically the parts of their anatomy that differ from that of men (Callaghan 30). Because women are thus defined by their relation ... ... femininity and female masculinity are brought under scrutiny. Works Cited: Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. New York, Routledge. 1990 Callaghan, Dympna. Shakespeare Without Women: Representing Gender and Race on the Renaissance Stage. New York, Routledge. 2000 Case, Sue-Ellen. Towards a New Poetics. from Feminism and Theater. New York, Methuen. 1988 Gardiner, Judith Kegan. Introduction. from Masculinity Studies & Feminist Theory. (also ed.) New York, Columbia University Press. 2002 Halberstam, Judith. The Good, The Bad, and the Ugly. from Masculinity Studies & Feminist Theory. ed Judith Kegan Gardiner. New York, Columbia University Press. 2002 Hopkins, Patrick D. Gender Treachery: Homophobia, Masculinity, and Threatened Identities. Kano, Ayako. Acting Like A Woman in Modern Japan: Theater, Gender, and Nationalism. New York, Palgrave. 2001

King Lear – Jealousy Between Goneril and Regan

In terms of power, Lear becomes the complete opposite of what he is in Act One by the end of Act Two. The fool says, â€Å"Now thou art an O without/ a figure. I am better than thou art now: I am a Fool, thou/ art nothing† (I. iv. 197-199). As the play progresses, the Fool points out that King Lear has become nothing. Misjudgment, betrayal and becoming â€Å"nothing† (I. iv. 199) leads King Lear into near madness by the end of Act Two. King Lear is very oblivious in the beginning of the play. His demanding personality reveals to the audience that he is blind to the truth. By asking his daughters, â€Å"Which of you shall we say doth love us most† (I. i. 53), it shows a vulnerable side of him because he craves being worshiped. Lear is more interested in listening to a speech on how wonderful he is, rather than leaving his empire in the hands of someone responsible. His thirst for compliments is so drastic that he even disowns his daughter for not worshiping him, also showing his lack of awareness because she truly loved him. We see Lear as a powerful character that puts himself in front of others in Act One. King Lear is so used to being treated like royalty that going from the most powerful person in England to virtually nothing in such a small amount of time nearly makes him fall into madness by the end of Act Two. Goneril and Regan are the main cause of this. At first, Lear was oblivious to their daughters plot to rule him out. Lear starts to catch on to this, and for the first time in the play, he is aware. After being abandoned by his daughters, Lear says â€Å"O fool, I shall go mad† (2. 4. 281), showing that he realizes the mistake he’s made. At this point in the play, the status of King Lear and his daughters have completely shifted. King Lears’ intentions were never evil, but his greedy actions were the cause of his fall. By the end of act 2, Lear gains more insight on what is really going on around him. Other characteristics from Act One still remain, such as his hunger for authority: The king would speak with Cornwall. The dear father Would with his daughter speak, commands, tends service. Are they â€Å"informed† of this? My breath and blood! â€Å"Fiery†? The â€Å"fiery† duke? Tell the hot duke that Lear— (II. iv. 91-96) Later on in the play, Lear says to Regan, â€Å"I have a full case of weeping but this heart/Shall break a hundred thousand flaws,/or ere ill weep- O fool, I shall go mad? †(2. 4. 281-283), at this point of the play, the audience feels pity for Lear. The Lear we see in Act Two is deprived of his powers through lies and evil tricks from Regan and Goneril. Th is has caused the King to become nothing, in contrast to the greedy and cruel King we see in Act One.

Characteristics of Perchlorate

Characteristics of Perchlorate Sources of perchlorate Perchlorate is a chemical that occurs naturally, although it may as well be man-made. In addition, perchlorate can also be found in some fertilizers and in bleach. It has found wide application in the manufacture of fireworks, flares, rocket fuel, and explosives1. Many of the sites where perchlorate can be found occurring naturally are, by and large, limited to the arid areas. Such deposits are largely low concentration.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Characteristics of Perchlorate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, man-made sources of perchlorate are mainly highly concentrated in comparison with the natural sources. Sites with high levels of perchlorate contamination are mainly involved in the production, testing, and disposal of perchlorate compounds and solid rocket propellants. Others include industrial production sites that use perchlorate compounds as reagents2. EPA response for regulating and remediation The Safe Drinking Water Act gives the EPA the mandate to regulate perchlorate. Peer review reports by various public health experts and independent scientists as well have played a key role in influencing the decision y the EPA to impose a regulation on perchlorate. The new decision by the EPA would be a reversal of the 2008 preliminary determination3. It takes into account the over 39,000 comments from members of the public regarding multiple public notices on perchlorate3. This action is an attempt to create awareness among interested parties on the decision reached by the EPA on regulating perchlorate. Nonetheless, the action does not in any way try to impose any public water systems (PWS) requirements4. On the other hand, this action has laid the framework for the designing and the development of a primary drinking water regulation at the national level (NPDWR). Following the finalization of the NPDWR, a number of PWSs could be forced to make an effort to abide by the requirements in line with the program required by the regulation5. In addition, the EPA also intends to create a drinking water standard that will take care of about 16 toxic chemicals that have been noted to pose a danger top human health. The aim of the EPA is to continue assessing the health effects of perchlorate, along with the science behind their occurrence in public water systems. Moreover, the EPA intends to embark on a project aimed at examining the affordability and feasibility of treatment technologies aimed at removing perchlorate. The agency shall also assess the benefits and costs of potential standards. Risk potential Sufficient doses of perchlorate can interfere with the normal operations of the thyroid gland. Perchlorate disrupts the transportation of iodide into the thyroid gland, in effect reducing iodide availability that is necessary for the manufacture of thyroid hormones. These hormones are vital for normal growth, metabolis m and development.Advertising Looking for research paper on chemistry? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Pregnant women are especially at a greater risk of thyroid hormone synthesis disruption2. Others include the developing fetuses, newly-born infants, young children, and also person with low thyroid hormones levels (Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection). On the basis of such a potential concern, the EPA has deemed it necessary to propose a formal rule. The process shall entail the reception of feedback from important stakeholders in addition to the provision of any formal rule to members of the public via a comment process 3. It is important to note that exposure to sufficient doses of perchlorate may result in adverse health effects similar to those brought about by iodine deficiency among humans. When there is not enough intake of iodine in the diet, the individual in question suffers from a decline in the synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone. Based on the severity of such an iodine deficiency, the individual in question can manifest such effects as impairment in behavior, speech, vision, movement, physical development, hearing, and intelligence4. Scientists also contend that sufficient doses of perchlorate can interfere with the ability of the thyroid gland to synthesize hormones vital for the development of both fetuses and infants1. Monitoring data reveals that over 4 percent of public water systems contain detectable levels of perchlorate. In addition, the same data indicates that between 5 and 17 million individuals are at risk of drinking water containing sufficient levels of perchlorate. Standards set by states such as California and Massachusetts In Massachusetts, the MassDEP is in the process of commissioning a drinking water standard. The new standard will ensure that the maximum contaminant level of perchlorate in drinking water does not exceed 2 ppb3. It is i mportant to appreciate that the new promulgation shall be the first veer drinking water standards in the country for perchlorate. Furthermore, the Massachusetts Contingency Plan is also in the process of establishing perchlorate groundwater and soil standards to facilitate the cleaning up exercise of hazardous waste sites. Also, MassDEP plans to adopt a reference dose to facilitate risk assessment at specific sites. The state of California also regulates perchlorate as a contaminant in drinking water1. In this case, 6 micrograms per liter is the recommended maximum contaminant level of perchlorate in the state of California.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Characteristics of Perchlorate specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References 1. California Department of Toxic Substances Control, â€Å"Perchlorate â€Å", Last modified September 1, 2007, dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/perchlorate/ 2. Isa, Jalil, â€Å"EPA To Develop Regulation for Perchlorate and Toxic Chemicals in Drinking Water.† Environmental Protection Agency, Last modified February 02, 2011, http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/d0cf6618525a9efb85257359003fb69d/634884579f4cc5d8525782b004d81ae!Open 3. Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. â€Å" Frequently Asked Questions: Perchlorate†. n.d, mass.gov/dep/toxics/pchlorqa.htm 4. Trumpolt, Clayton et al. â€Å"Perchlorate: Sources, Uses, and Occurrences in the Environment.†Wiley Periodicals, Last modified December 20, 2005, http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/CLEANUP.NSF/PH/Arkema+Technical+Documents/$FILE/Perchlorate-Sources-Occurance-In-The-Environment.pdf 5. United States Environmental Protection Agency. â€Å"Perchlorate†. Last modified March 06, 2012, http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/unregulated/perchlorate.cfm Bibliography California Department of Toxic Substances Control. â€Å"Perchlorate. â€Å" California  Department of Tox ic Substances Control. Last modified September 1, 2007. dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/perchlorate/ Isa, Jalil. â€Å"EPA To Develop Regulation for Perchlorate and Toxic Chemicals in Drinking Water.† Environmental Protection Agency. Last modified February 02, 2011. http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/d0cf6618525a9efb85257359003fb69d/634884579f4cc5d8525782b004d81ae!OpenAdvertising Looking for research paper on chemistry? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions: Perchlorate†. Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection. Last modified June12, 2006. mass.gov/dep/toxics/pchlorqa.htm Trumpolt, Clayton et al. â€Å"Perchlorate: Sources, Uses, and Occurrences in the Environment.†Wiley Periodicals. Last modified December 20, 2005. http://yosemite.epa.gov/r10/CLEANUP.NSF/PH/Arkema+Technical+Documents/$FILE/Perchlorate-Sources-Occurance-In-The-Environment.pdf United States Environmental Protection Agency. â€Å"Perchlorate.† United States  Environmental Protection Agency. Last modified March06, 2012. http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/unregulated/perchlorate.cfm

Georgetown Scholarship Essay Example

Georgetown Scholarship Essay Example Georgetown Scholarship Essay Georgetown Scholarship Essay Essay Topic: Scholarship From abrogating the infamous problem of world hunger that is prevalent among the developing countries to the preservation of Mother Nature who seems to exponentially spiral down towards death in correlation to our nonstop industrial poison, the premiere issue that arises to be solved is not utilizing these funds solely to discover or use on research for the historically-yearned panacea of all these problems, but to discover the grades of importance to which these problems need to be chronologically addressed. Sure, the level of importance may fluctuate for people ith different perspectives, but finding the common ranks in which the majority agrees on will most likely prove to palliate the cons of our societys traditional morality. The sole most important problem: Poverty. My statement is controversial, yet I believe that I withhold a satisfactory Justification for my daring audacity in the statement. The Tree of Poverty is a colossal essence of our intricate society that branches off to too many malevolent factors, such as the branches of disease and hunger. Finding the conflagration to abolish this seemingly immortal tree would be iminishing the amplifying mercurial distance between the downright rich and the nadir of the poor, considering eighty percent of the population in the world today live in countries where income divergences keep expanding. How will we solve this? one might ask. The first step will be creating a chance for these countries by focusing on their children, their future. The establishment of educational services in countries that hold an insufficient amount of resources to do so will help reduce the 121 million children who are not in education that should be. : One must realize that the orld holds a massive number of uncut gems, but processing these potential gems to shine is what makes them valuable. This process represents the education in which millions of children will partake with the development of education in the places that are not able to do so. With this education, not only will they surpass the fortitude of the barrier of poverty to their dreams and goals, but exceed this to be so much greater. Nearly on par with the Tree of Poverty, the foundation of biodiversity holds on to its roots as the implacable dictator of industrialization threatens for its looming xtinction. What many might not know is that although technology is proving to become a somewhat sustainable factor as a bare replacement for the natural world, sustainability of the Earths present pulchritude is a much more efficient and reasonable validation when compared to the funding of expensively non-dependable technology we have today. One might believe that the preservation is not worth the benevolent aspects of industrialization. But considering the favored medicinal resources, recreational value of commonly known wildlife, the Joy of growing your wn plant life, and all the amiable values that come with our wondrous biologic life, the spending of money to further restrain the aggrandizing industrialization and preserve the treasure of wildlife is Justifiable by all means. By economically funding multifarious groups of biological preservation, it is believed that a gradual improvement will be shown as time goes by. Basically speaking, all the cute animals in the Atlanta Zoo you take your children to see wont all be extinct in ten years. The foundation of the common persons traditional morality both holds the potential for alevolence and benevolence, thus I believe that using titty million dollars tor these national problems will help diminish the potential for negative outcomes of mans works and focus more on its munificence. Although one might wish for the worlds problems to be gone with one trade of fifty million dollars and a snap of the fingers, people must acknowledge that they need not to imperiously rush through the fast- moving waters of the colossal river of society; rather, take one slow step at a time and find a way to make it to the other side.

Construction Safety Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Construction Safety - Research Paper Example The management may be prompted to continue with the construction under the prevailing conditions reason being that they are behind schedule, in order to avert the possibility of incurring losses. However, as the safety director, it would be essential to ensure that all regulations stipulated by OSHA are followed to the letter before any more progress on the construction can be made. This is due to the fact that the company would stand to lose a lot of revenue in the case of accidents occurring due to negligence. In such an occurrence, the company may be faced by numerous claims for compensation of victims or even risk the possibility of being denied the license to operate due to its poor profile in ensuring safety in the work place (Hinze, 2003). Once the scaffoldings are set to standard, it would be suggested that the company hires an extra work force to compensate for the lost time so as to finish the project on time. By so doing, the reputation of the company as well as its employ ee’s welfare would be protected, thereby ensuring that it stays in

International Economics Eurozone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Economics Eurozone - Essay Example 29). For instance, Germany is considered to have a comparative advantage in the production of cars in the sense that its cars are considered to be of the highest quality in the market. This creates the opportunity for the substitution of products that have the same factor intensity. The other condition for the occurrence of intra-industry trade is that the production processes of particular products should have fixed costs. This is to ensure that an increase in the production processes is advantageous in the sense that there will be a decrease in the unit costs of the product. This condition is beneficial to both producers and consumers. Producers will be able to reduce the cost of production as they engage in mass production. They will enjoy economies of scale in times of low costs of production. Consumers on the other hand will pay less as more cars are being produced because low costs will be transferred to them. For instance, the more units Mercedes produces, the lower the unit c ost of production. Possible welfare gains of intra industry trade There are two conditions that determine the occurrence of intra-industry trade and they include comparative advantage and economies of scale. ... German citizens are able to get jobs hence improve their living standards. An economy also records an increase in the number of exports and this translates to higher revenue collection. The revenue collected is used in funding projects across the economy and the country is able to improve on its social infrastructure such as hospitals and schools. Increase in imports also reflects that the economy is recording growth in its GDP which eventually translates to higher per capita income. Citizens will be able to meet their basic wants because of the improvement in their income. Economies of scale also have the advantage of improving the social welfare of citizens in the sense that the growth of the industry will stimulate infrastructure development that will be utilized by both producers and the residents (Helpman & Krugman, 2009, p. 100). The other possible welfare gain of intra-industry trade is the provision of quality services because there is specialization in the production process es. Comparative advantages lead to the specialization of industries and this improves the productivity of such industries. Countries are able to access a wider market that makes it easy for consumers have access to quality services and goods that are of high quality from specialized countries. Criteria used to define an optimum currency area. The general definition of an optimum currency area is that it relates to a geographical area where the use of a common currency would create the greatest economic benefit. The theory is closely related to Robert Mundell whose works have made numerous contributions to issues of currency. There are a number of criteria used in defining an optimum currency